What is the hormonal IUD?
The hormonal intrauterine device or IUD is a T-shaped device that contains a 5-year dose (52 milligrams) of the progestin, levonogestrel, which is released slowly over time and acts on the lining of the uterus.
Because the hormonal IUD is administered once every 5 years, some women may find it convenient to include it as part of their long-term routine. Incorrect use of any hormonal contraceptive is associated with an increased risk of unintended pregnancy.
How does it work?
In a short procedure, a doctor inserts the hormonal IUD into your uterus through the cervix (the opening of the uterus). The hormone thins the lining of the uterus and thickens the cervical mucus, making it difficult for an egg to penetrate. In some women, it prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg. The hormonal IUD does not provide a physical barrier to sperm.
Questions about the IUD:
Do I insert the hormonal IUD myself?
No, the IUD is inserted by your physician.
Does the IUD increase my risk of ectopic pregnancy?
IUDs do not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Factors to consider about the hormonal IUD
- It provides reliable contraception for up to 5 years
- Some women will stop having a period
- Puncture of the uterus may occur at the time of insertion (rare)
- It may be expelled (fall out) in up to 6% of women
- Pregnancy protection starts once the device is inserted; wait 24 to 48 hours before having sex
- It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Factors to consider about progestin-only contraceptives
- They are effective and reversible
- They may have different side effects than combined hormonal contraceptives because they do not contain estrogen
- They may decrease menstrual bleeding and cramping
- They can be used by women who are sensitive to estrogen-containing contraceptives
- They can be used by breastfeeding mothers and have no effect on breast milk production
- Progestin-only contraceptives do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Common side effects associated with progestin-only contraceptives include: headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, dizziness, and bleeding irregularities
Inform yourself and talk to your doctor
There are many choices of hormonal contraceptive available. Do your own research and speak with your doctor about the advantages and disadvantages of the different available types of hormonal contraceptive and choose the one that best fits your needs.
For tips on how to get the most out of your doctor’s visit, see Talking to your doctor.
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious adverse effects on the heart and blood vessels. This risk increases with age and becomes significant in hormonal contraceptive users over 35 years of age. Women who use hormonal contraceptives are strongly advised not to smoke.
